May 2006

Tuesday, May 30, 2006

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In conclusion

Regarding drugs, most do not know that against which we struggle and therefore also does not know exactly what the reasons the real war. With the same ingenuity ignorant that many drugs used without a clear understanding of their risks and potential, others embrace the Cross without being aware of the damage it causes and which are impossible to reach your goals. Years of bigotry and misinformation have created a drug to which our societies are addicted: Prohibition. Without it, we feel helpless. Society seems to need your daily dose of arrests and imprisonments. The effects of this drug are losing a sense of reality and make us confuse causes with effects. We can not think what life would be without it, but, for most, the prospect is scary. Prohibitionist drug also needs to be used in increasing amounts to maintain its psychological effects. More prisons, more chases, more paranoia. Who sold us insist that life without her would be unbearable and that also has no side effects. Deceive us, as we have seen in previous chapters. Yet, we must recognize that this is a drug whose effects seduce: gives us explanations simple to the complex problems of our society frees us from the responsibility to choose for ourselves, we serve as an alibi to control dissident groups.

But it would be nice if we could abandon this harmful habit. The ban must end. The data are overwhelming against him and his failure is made, every day that passes more. Or is unmasked this policy or the consequences of failure will be used as reasons to maintain and increase repression. If you lose the battle against Prohibition, will have lost a battle for freedom, justice, personal autonomy, accountability and information. The prohibition is a way of thinking expansionist believed to be legitimate aim to save us from ourselves. The risk of spread to suppress other human activities and causing collateral damage similar to that caused in the drug issue is huge. How soon will snuff banned? What foods high in cholesterol? What about information, not to agree with the majority moral standards are considered dangerous to society (or Public Health)? Make our "war on drugs' in a 'peaceful coexistence with drugs' not only implies a change of policy but a change of thinking, a transformation of how we look now to the individuals within society, more like cogs in an impersonal all that you have to sacrifice it as autonomous entities with the right to pursue happiness without harming others.

drugs, banned or not, will not disappear. The man will have been for centuries and we will have to learn to live with them, as we learn to live with the intoxicating new chemical synthesis that occur. If we see drugs as evil entities that inevitably undermine health, wisdom, will and social structure, fear and misinformation will guide us along the path used: repression, drug adulteration, corruption, irresponsible use. Only if we choose to see them, without fear but with respect as they are different substances with potential and risks, we can choose the information, responsibility and self control.

must not forget that the 'drug problem' is but one of the infinite manifestations of an inherent conflict as old as humanity itself. Indeed, men and women are always struggling between the primacy of the collective or the individual, between the need for security and order, and personal and independent search of happiness, between the acceptance of official truths and politically correct and the desire to achieve for themselves the truth with free information, between the temptation to abandon their will to the 'masters' right' of Sallust and the need to feel free, sovereign and own their acts even if they may result in unintended consequences. The position we take before the drug issue will also be a position on the issues far more momentous, I just listed. That's what makes it so fascinating subject. It is obvious that now our irrational fear of drugs, there is much fear of our own autonomy. Thus, no fear, wanting to know to live with them and learn the lessons that can teach us, or lose part the ancestral fear of freedom.

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Arguments against legalization: If everybody is prohibited, there must be arguments against the legalization

Well, well ... All this is fine, but as in all countries is done and all politicians and doctors agree, there must be.

Certainly, the ban remains despite all evidence to the contrary is something that could seem confusing. In the previous chapter I have tried to briefly list some of the aspects that are part of the complex web of interests, prejudices, ignorance and historical inertia that enable good health of the prohibition. Consider first that, as I have tried to exemplify in the second chapter to talk about persecution of homosexuality, masturbation or witches, history shows us how many errors and injustices are often maintained with the near unanimity of the powers, many of the intellectuals of the time, and even the public (at last After all, today, even manipulated, a de facto power over). And history has generated such pain stubbornness, cruelty and injustice without story or that were founded on falsehoods has never been an obstacle to its permanence. And yet, just disappeared one day persecution of witches, will disappear at some point in the prosecution of, in the words of Szasz, dissenting drug. Meanwhile, one can only hope to minimize the irrationalities of the current state of affairs.

Secondly, we must take into account the great pressures that today's politicians are subject in regard to this issue. Even leaving aside the huge economic interests behind the maintenance of the prohibition and corruption schemes that smuggling of banned substances generated in the world, we must be aware of the enormous difficulties involved in undoing the path strewn with fears and lies the decades of prohibition have generated. No political party can now speak aloud the alternative of legalization without being immediately branded by his political opponents of being insensitive to the plight of the drug or, more directly to "be in favor of Drugs." Yet, more and more authoritative voices questioning worldwide ban. Citing Escohotado: "As far as heroes Featured supported the ban opposed by leading representatives of science and the arts [...]. If on one side of the balance put to the former, and in the other pan to the latter, so overwhelming is the supremacy of institutional shine some as the intellectual brilliance in others. It's so hard to find a prelate, usually a banker or a statesman hostile to prohibition as one great jurist, sociologist and writer who supports it. "

authority's arguments, both favorable and unfavorable to the prohibition, should be considered with caution. It is based on objective and verifiable and common sense in this case, seems to be lost, as we reach our own conclusions. Mine is clear and known.

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: If everybody is prohibited, there must be arguments against the legalization

Well, well ... All this is fine, but as in all countries is done and all politicians and doctors agree, there must be.

Certainly, the ban remains despite all the evidence against is something that could seem confusing. In the previous chapter I have tried to briefly list some of the aspects that are part of the complex web of interests, prejudices, ignorance and historical inertia that enable good health of the prohibition. Consider first that, as I have tried to exemplify in the second chapter when speaking of the persecution of homosexuality, masturbation or witches, history shows us how many errors and injustices are often maintained with the almost unanimous the powers, many of the intellectuals of the time, and even public opinion (the end of the day today, even manipulated, a de facto power more). And history has generated such pain stubbornness, cruelty and injustice without story or that were founded on falsehoods has never been an obstacle to its permanence. And yet, just disappeared one day persecution of witches, will disappear at some point in the prosecution of, in the words of Szasz, dissenting drug. Meanwhile, one can only hope to minimize the irrationalities of the current state of affairs.

Secondly, we must take into account the great pressures that today's politicians are subject in regard to this issue. Even leaving aside the huge economic interests behind the maintenance of prohibition and corruption schemes that smuggling of banned substances generated worldwide, we must be aware of the enormous difficulties involved in undoing the path strewn with fears and falsehoods the decades of prohibition have generated. No political party can now speak aloud the alternative of legalization without being immediately branded by his political opponents of being insensitive to the plight of the drug or, more directly to "be in favor of Drugs." Yet, more and more authoritative voices questioning worldwide ban. Citing Escohotado: "As far as supporting the ban featured heroes opposed by leading representatives of science and the arts [...]. If on one side of the balance put to the former, and in the other pan to the latter, so overwhelming is the supremacy of institutional shine some as the intellectual brilliance in others. It's so hard to find a prelate, usually a banker or a statesman hostile to prohibition as one great jurist, sociologist and writer who supports it. "

authority's arguments, both favorable and unfavorable to the ban, must be taken used with caution. It is based on objective and verifiable and common sense in this case, seems to be lost, as we reach our own conclusions. Mine is clear and known.

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: It should be a joint action of all countries

Legalization is not possible only if the action is taken jointly by all countries. If only one country opted for this solution become a paradise for global drug addicts, who would come to mass disasters causing untold.

This repeated argument contains interesting discussions. The problem with this argument is that it is often used as an excuse for inaction for those whom the ban, and they are good and do not believe you have to change anything. So to comment on this point will begin with the assumption that we are convinced not only of the disastrous consequences of the ban, but the basic injustice of the drug laws. Under this premise, it can not serve as an argument for inaction the fact that other countries maintain laws more restrictive. Currently, anti-drug policies of all states, although all based on the prohibition, have varying degrees of rigor. Since the death penalty for drug trafficking that is applied in countries like China or Thailand, which has been proposed in U.S. by the Republican speaker in Congress, Newt Gringich; to decriminalization, in practice, small transactions of certain substances that exist in the Netherlands. As I mentioned earlier, the process of decriminalization of all drug-related can be complex and the internationalization of the problem is simply one more aspect to consider for implementation. But the obstacles to transform a situation inevitably tainted by years of Crusade, should not blind us to that drug policies should be geared toward more liberal positions than at present.

Unfortunately, the internationalization of the problem in disincentives to change for reasons other than those expressed in the statement. As we have seen in a previous chapter, the issue of drugs is being used mainly by U.S. as an alibi and an excuse to hold official positions of power on producing or importing drugs. The invasion of Panama, the military interventions in Colombia, Mexico and Bolivia, the pressures, in general, all those countries that may be charged if they misbehave, of perverting the youth of America. All these are examples of the great political weapon Drugs, in capital letters, is for those who, under the guise of Public Health, pursue economic or geostrategic interests.

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Arguments against legalization: No gangs would stop arguments against legalization

is said that, with legalization, would end the mafia and organized crime, but the truth is that, if they lose this business, will be devoted others even worse, such as kidnapping, white slavery or prostitution.

Actually, nobody in their right mind would argue that the legalization of drugs end up with crime and crime. The mafia still exist, but we shall have removed one of its main sources of income. What that will require them to perform other types of crimes for profit? Of course. Always. If we strengthen our security doors, put an alarm on our car, or simply if there is an effective police force, we are putting it more difficult for criminals who have to find other ways to earn income and to be faced at the time. And not because we think they drop the doors of apartments and cars are always open and you have to lay off police.

But what is most important about this line of argument is that few business opportunities for criminals as attractive as the trafficking of prohibited substances: minimal risk and great benefits. The study of the end of the 'Prohibition' in U.S. shows us how, without disappearing completely, crime and organized crime decreased as dramatically as had increased after the ban.

Finally, if it is as useful to society to have the criminals engaged in selling counterfeit drugs citizens, what sense does it prevent people from using drugs? If one day, suddenly, people started to 'just say no', out of conviction or fear of jail, the traffickers would have finished the business the same way as if drugs were legal and should, according to the fallacious argument, be to make things even worse to continue making money.

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: Who takes drugs is not free

Proponents of the ban order, often use the argument that personal freedom to use certain substances, although they may harm the decision-maker must override restrictions designed to protect the citizens if same. In this way sees the ban as an intolerable imposition that reduces the freedom of choice of individuals. But this argument is fallacious, since drug addicts are not able to decide freely due to their addiction. The ban, far from cutting freedoms, seeks to prevent that slavery to undergo drug users.

A very important argument to not be taken into account. First things first. From the outset, the argument of enslaving addiction should have been questioned in the first chapter, where I pointed out that, firstly, not all illegal drugs, addictive, and, secondly, that the problems caused by addiction to opiates are, for the most apart, due to side effects of the ban. In the same way that physical dependence on alcohol in a large number of non-problematic because of the ease with which they can get alcohol, the availability of opiates in addicts get their in removing negative images that are associated heroin users today: robbery, AIDS, adulteration, overdose.

But what is discussed at the bottom of this issue is the concept of freedom. It discusses how to establish that someone 'is not master of his acts' in order to impose our will by force of law. This argument which, in other forms, I have already spoken in other chapters, tells us that drug users are people deprived of will and intellect, which should help even if they want. Savater comments: "Freedom is not something that is only good for the wise exercise impassive, perfectly informed and self-control and maturity enviable. Putting these requirements to freedom is an idealism that ultimately leads only to deny freedom, just as Franco believed that the English were not 'ripe' for democracy. No: the freedom of ordinary people exercise, stubborn, passionate, naive, selfish, immature ... pupa people we can get to it. Is characteristic of freedom that can be misused, and misused once you can not erase what happened simply repenting, not blaming the neighbor or 'the system'. "

Finally, it is paradoxical that many of those who defend this thesis are both party to penalize consumption and imprison users, without seeming to matter then that his crime was committed because they had supposedly will stolen by Drugs.

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Arguments against legalization: The human factor

I knew a guy who was a beautiful person. But because of the smugglers fell into the hell of drugs and eventually died of an overdose. The drug kills and traffickers are murderers. If legalized, why not also legalize murder, rape or theft? According to these absurd theories, if you stop being a crime would no longer be a problem.

Every day we read or hear about tragedies related to the drug world. And this happens in a world where drugs are already banned and where it puts people in jail for selling or consuming. The question lies in understanding that the present situation that allows these events. Moreover, the essential difference between drug use and crimes such as robbery, rape and murder is that while the latter directly affect third persons, this not so in the case of drug use.

Search explaining self-destructive behavior patterns and not substances in the human mind is a dangerous mistake. There will be people who abuse these drugs are banned or not, as there are people who abuse bingo, car or food. But this abuse is particularly dangerous if, moreover, draws the person in criminal environments, makes deal with uncertain or substances ended scorn generates margins of society.

addition, consider what solution offered by most countries for people using or abusing drugs, jail. With this only adds more suffering to the suffering and the processing power of people with personal or social problems in offenders.

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Arguments against legalization: difficult to educate drug abstinence

important thing is to focus the efforts of the society in the work of education and prevention. We must show our children that drugs are bad, they do not solve problems and that there are healthier choices for fun and relaxation. In this sense, legalizing would send a contradictory message: how can we teach them that drugs are harmful if they are sold freely? How can we make them go away from them if they are easily and legally available? For education and prevention work is necessary to keep the police crackdown on its production and sales.

education and information are essential for exercising our freedom. But the information should not be that our institutions spreading lies and half truths with the laudable goal of "instilling fear" and prevent tragedies. Not all drugs are equal. There are drugs that kill but the use made of them. Ban the situation only worsens the health problems arising from their use. In any case, I believe that minors should not use drugs. But think of the irony of pursuing policing the adult who uses marijuana while allowing children of 16 are sold alcohol.

To teach responsibility, it requires freedom. In his book "The Value of Education", Savater reminds us: "In school can only teach the responsible use of freedom, not to advise students to refrain from it." And I add that we can never teach children to be responsible for their actions if we insist on treating adults like children. Now that's a mixed message, as well as totalitarianism.

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Arguments against legalization: Traffic accidents. Arguments

This point is closely linked to the potential increase in the number of users and, above all, the idea that drug use involves aggression and social irresponsibility. Without repeating those counterarguments, I propose a thought. Just as it is dangerous to drive when we go short of sleep after a heavy meal or when we drink alcohol, driving under the influence of drugs that can alter their effects last while and psychomotor reflexes is recklessly endangering to third parties. But again we must bear in mind that the irresponsible use of substances is always higher during periods of prohibition, when there is no culture of use required. We know that a significant number of traffic accidents are the main cause of alcohol consumption. Do you offer someone as a reasonable solution to this problem imprison those who consumed at home wine or beer? Does anyone think it would be reasonable to minimize traffic accidents, police devote to prosecute those who manufacture or sell alcoholic beverages?

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Against Legalizing: Infections and syringes

Any policy that facilitates the use of drugs is counterproductive. For example, if it facilitates the use of heroin, AIDS can spread, because there would be more addicts using more syringes.

The main reason for intravenous drug use and the spread of AIDS and other infectious diseases among these users are the direct and exclusive result of the ban. Constant Rising of opiates and adulteration increasingly favored by the black market forced the illegality involved, were responsible for a change of attitude among consumers of these drugs, which went from snorting or smoke, to inject. This managed to increase the effect of a substance expensive and scarce. At the same time, the marginal conditions conducive to the ban, and restrictions on the purchase and possession of sterile syringes created a culture in which the exchange and sharing of syringes went on to become a ritual, spreading to edges of the AIDS tragedy and other infections. In a situation of legality, rarely opiate users would use intravenous mode of administration, and, in doing so should not have to hide and would have the proper hygienic material. In this regard, administration of the substance does not differ from that of diabetic must inject insulin.

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arguments against legalization, would be accessible to children

Legalizing drugs would mean they would be more accessible to children and youth. We do not want a society where drugs are available to our children.

All parents want to keep our children away from the dangers of society. The problem is that despite our best intentions, the choice is between choosing whether they will or no contact drugs. I will. All surveys show that it is in younger sectors where greater ease of finding drugs in a ban. In this sense, what we choose is the social situation that encourages a rational knowledge of them and then decrease, if used, the associated risks. Of course, the type of restrictions on retail outlets, ages and times that apply to snuff or alcohol could and should apply with respect to other drugs such as in the Netherlands with regard to cannabis.

But we must be realistic. Legalization will not likely reduce the number of children using drugs. In our current ban situation, access to them is as easy and uncontrollable. In this sense, all studies show that the failure to lift the ban of a substance changes very slightly the overall consumption patterns. To which we can and should aspire as a society is to take control of these substances to reduce associated risks. The fact that a child uses drugs, alcohol is fed up of thirteen, or spend eight hours a day watching television, the indifference or inability of their parents is another symptom of deeper social problems.

In short, the problem of drug use among children is closely linked to the system of prohibition force. Escohotado Quoting: "By 1910, North American users of natural opiates were people of second and third age, almost all well-integrated and family-level, non-criminal incidents, around 1980 are largely teenagers, who break all expectations family and work, whose habit justifies a very high percentage of crimes committed per year. Have you changed your opiates, or rather have changed the systems of access to these substances? "

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arguments against legalization, would be a surrender to the problems of drug legalization

Legalizing drugs is equivalent to a surrender, a surrender of society to one of their main problems. We can not stand doing nothing to young heroin addicts who have become hooked on drugs.

What can or will be understood as an anti-prohibitionist stance complacency with the problems caused by drugs is an example of how the monolithic dogmatism officer has created a situation where it is assumed that the ban is the only possible solution to the problem of drugs. It is not. It's just a failed attempt to solve problems based on worse. Legalization thus be understood as a more just and effective system to address a problem.

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Arguments against: It would increase the drug legalization debate

Legalizing drugs greatly increase their consumption. Curiosity, no longer constrained by the legal restrictions, coupled with easy access to drugs, tempt many people. Even if that solve the problems of drug related crime, this escalation of consumption is a high opportunity cost.

This argument may be rebutted in several ways. The more liberal, would answer that in any case, the decision to take drugs or not an individual right and that the state should not decide what attitudes or behaviors are permissible at the individual level even though they may be potentially dangerous to those who practice them. Also, without being inconsistent with the above, another argument often used by certain anti-prohibitionists is that the use does not necessarily increase since, in fact, drugs are already available for those who want to use them, being only the individual will prove or to refrain from including the fixing the number of consumers. Furthermore, they argue, the situation of drug prohibition makes attractive for certain sectors, especially the youth, so they have a way of protest against society. Ending the ban, drugs vulgarizarían and lose much of their interest.

From my point of view, and without denying the validity of the above reasoning, I believe it is essential to recognize that the prohibitionists are correct in regard to increased consumption, but from this fact come to erroneous conclusions. Let's see. When something has been banned, liberalization always leads to a higher interest that would exist in a normal situation. It is one of the many side effects of prohibitionist system. In this sense, there would probably a greater number of people who would try, by curiosity, certain drugs. Marijuana use would rise initially, but would hardly that of heroin. If we assume that all drug use is bad and leads to physical and moral destruction of the person, the increased use scare us. If, as I have tried to show throughout the trial and, mainly in the first chapter, drug use does not involve the abuse and major health problems, social and moral are derived from the prohibition, nothing should scare you increase your consumption of certain substances, given that most disappear the consequences that now frighten us. Fortunately, although speculation may be interesting, are some examples that allow us to observe in laboratory conditions, the impact of the prevailing consumption. This is true in the case of Holland, where sale and use of marijuana is explicitly tolerated by the authorities. Nationwide, there are hundreds of coffee shops where cannabis is sold in all its varieties. This happens for 25 years and statistics show that the percentage of consumers is higher than other Western countries and much lower, in fact, the U.S. With the added benefit that users in the Netherlands have a cheaper, healthier and better quality than that of other countries where marijuana is prohibited. And besides, the main and most dangerous side effect of the marihuna does not exist in Holland, I am referring to jail.

In any case, some factors should be taken into account. Legalization would mean substantial savings for state coffers. Money for to Drugs, which currently ends up indirectly to the enrichment of the mafia and corruption of the state apparatus to be used, along with taxes collected on the sale to the education and health campaigns needed to promote responsible use of drugs. Do not forget, moreover, that the use of other substances, especially marijuana, could decrease the consumption of a drug that, although currently legal, is certainly much more dangerous. I refer to alcohol. This is another of the data we can learn from the Dutch experience, where the consumption of alcohol by young people has decreased significantly.

A final comment. Is a clear example of how they have been forgetting the initial motivations of drug prohibition, that is used to measure the problem, the number of people that the ratio of consumers and damage caused by their consumption. Consider a theoretical case. Determined political action doubled the number of users of a drug, but halved the damage, individually and collectively, caused by the measure. From a classic prohibitionist stance, moral basis, the answer would reject such action, ie not to increase the number of drug users under any circumstances, even if it means having to keep situations of suffering that would otherwise have been avoided. From the opposite point of view, a policy based on 'harm reduction', would support the measure, which reduces the total damage.

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While admitting that the drug problem is mostly created by the ban, the idea of \u200b\u200blegalizing something so anathema continues to raise objections. For most people the simple idea to make them appear legal drugs comparable to legalize rape or murder. I want to dedicate the rest of the chapter to try expose a number of ideas contrary to the legalization , trying to answer questions from them are derived. Obviously, when you try to use arguments that I mentioned, I will try to refer to them without repeating the argument.

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A change in risk: the medicalization

is summarized in one sentence: to send doctors. People can use a drug if a doctor not seem right. Some typical examples of this approach is the legal supply of methadone or heroin to heroin prescription, or law passed by referendum in 1996 in California that allows the use of marijuana to patients if a doctor considers it appropriate.

Historically, one of the arguments used by drug warriors was to distinguish medical use, legitimate, and recreational use, unlawful, dangerous, antisocial and, therefore, prosecuted and punished with jail if necessary. The primacy of medicine in our current society in defining priorities and values \u200b\u200bfor many people makes logical the argument that, despite the evil, immoral or unhealthy to use a drug for fun, this is no longer so when taken medically necessary. The great danger, in my view, this approach is that keeps a significant shortcoming of the ban: its attack on individual freedom and the right to own body. Therefore, to transfer power from politicians to doctors is only a change of masters. I find it obvious that it is outrageous to deny drug use to those who need to relieve or cure their ailments. In this sense, beyond the original moralism of the ban is obviously right and necessary step. But if it is to make us forget the basic injustice involved in denying the individual the right to freely make decisions that affect their own bodies, medicalization guardianship only replaced by another. Perhaps a phrase of Sallust explain why the success medicalizing positions are beginning to have: "Most people do not want to be free, just want a fair master."

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Sense versus Moralism: harm reduction policies

policies harm reduction have as its starting point the observation that many of the problems, both medical and social, drug-related, originate in the peculiar circumstances that the prohibition involved. This strategy prioritizes all actions aimed at minimizing the problems caused by drugs. It may seem that any policy can make it the priority, but it is not. The truth is that, at the opposite end of this approach, we find the policy calls for 'zero tolerance', which give priority to actions that aim to reduce the number of drug users. Proponents of these policies, without denying the health problems associated with drug use, are primarily concerned the moral dimension of the issue. For them, drugs
destructure personality, and social relationships and are therefore intrinsically evil. These fervent supporters of prohibition believe that only really attack the underlying problem measures that promote total abstinence from intoxicating illegal, and therefore are in harm reduction policies capitulation to drug use, and a first step towards political tolerance and liberalization. This opposition in the positions between supporters of one strategy or another radical, as stated by the Director of the Drug Monitoring Unit and AIDS in Liverpool: "The record of harm reduction are in the scientific medical model, with deeper roots in humanitarianism and libertarianism. Therefore, in contrast to the theory of abstinence, which is rooted more in punitive model of law enforcement and medical and religious paternalism. "

Take the example of needle exchange programs among drug users intravenously. Advocates of 'zero tolerance' are that these measures facilitate drug use and fear, therefore, to increase their consumption. For them it is immoral to do something more accessible to anyone who is, in itself, bad. They say it is hypocritical to defend the ban and at the same time more accessible to substances or paraphernalia for use. On the contrary, a supporter of harm reduction, these programs will minimize the problems of these people, who have much to do with the sharing of needles and syringes sterile. From their perspective, even if these programs could be a small increase in the number of users of these drugs, if the total number of people with problems arising from their use is reduced will have been worthwhile. The same goes for maintenance treatment of heroin addicts with methadone or even heroin. These measures are harm reduction policies questioned by those who think that, according to the above arguments, the state can not provide drugs, but, only, to promote total abstinence from them.

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An alternative approach: the prioritization of resources or political tolerance

These approaches advocate the problem, without necessarily changing prohibitionist legislation, policies of 'leeway' in respect of those breaches more harmless. Advocates

tolerance policies but believe that the ban should be maintained as such do so for various reasons. On one side are those who believe that, in the context of internationalization of the problem and the social and cultural reality in which we, the legal political are not politically possible. From this point of view, even though the ultimate goal would be a full legalization should go through a stage just prior tolerance without legislative changes. On the other hand we have those, even if they wanted to see eliminated from the face of the earth all psychoactive substances, understand the economics and practice of prohibitionist system and choose to devote efforts to what repressors in evil, is the worst.

Of course, after this strategic concept implementations there are several tactics that decide to go through far should tolerance, what substances should affect enforcement priorities to be applied, and Finally, the desired future development of the system, the definition of political programs, health and education needed to make this possible. Prioritization is particularly exemplary in five points, Stephen Wisotsky, Professor of Law at Nova University, appeared before the committee of Narcotics of the U.S. Congress. This initiative proposes some measures worry about the occasional adult use and not very problematic, in private, soft drugs, and give high priority to resources to protect children, to avoid hard drugs and, in general, address those situations that generate obvious problems.

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First of all: deciding what to worry

A preliminary step any different from the present approach must inevitably be a rethinking of the problem we have with drugs. Society should be able to objectify what are the elements that should really worry about and what are those who, with no significant risks have been getting historical and cultural inertia in the same boat as the others. For example, it must be the inevitable conclusion that cannabis and its derivatives do not present a social problem only when we define it as such stigmatize and imprison their users and those who provide them. This refocusing of the drug problem should be aware, very clearly, what ills are due to drugs and what the social and cultural environment that the ban has created.

We must realize that the distorted view that our society has the drug problem is due in large part to achieve widespread the problems caused by opiate use to other substance abuse. Our ideas about addiction, withdrawal, physical degradation of the users, the loss of quality of life and socialization of those who consume the drug compulsive need to get leads to crime, etc. is an image, though distorted by the ban, generated primarily by heroin. Are opioid-dependent people who generated in our country's major health problems resulting directly or indirectly from the drug. But it will be clear, I hope, that the health problems of our heroin is called, mainly AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis and adulteration. Problems have only met the current magnitude of the 'solution' prohibitionist.

worry says drug use among youth, but it seems that we will not realize that for example, of the 1,210,000 young drug users, only 40,000 are heroin users, ie only 3.3% youth who use drugs. And only 3 per thousand compared to the general population is a consumer of heroin. O data are put in place, trying to be different the different, or any alternative to prohibition seem irrational, it is only when the current globalization of the substances.

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Prohibitionism:

The application of a law is never going back. While gone, the impact force generated while altering the future. In the case of a set of laws that criminalize large segments of population, to justify the misinformation and deception that generate enormous social problems, to think that an abolition of these is enough for everything will be as before is certainly illusory. Many evils caused by prohibition continuarían sin ella, como continuarían estando enfermos de SIDA todos los infectados como consecuencia de tan nefastas legislaciones. La mayoría de quienes abogan por la liberalización de las drogas creen, por tanto, en una ‘voladura controlada’, conscientes de los peligros nuevos que tantos años de prohibición han generado. Por ello, aunque la propaganda oficial de quienes velan por nuestra salud física y mental pretende hacer ver que la única alternativa a la prohibición es la anarquía narcótica donde todo esté permitido, lo cierto es que el debate en el seno de quienes se oponen a la prohibición es profundo, intenso y apasionado. En él se dirimen también, aunque revistiendo otras However, basic issues dealing with freedom, order and legitimacy of certain people to impose their will on others. Antiprohibitionist positions ranging from "all-the-counter drugs in the supermarket" to the more strict system of distribution to authorized users by physicians through state monopolies. But the difficulty and diversity of options when carrying out the bombing, should not make us doubt the essential need to do it.

Without going into specific proposals, would like to discuss some general aspects of the issue. There are five main ways in which legislation can address the control of psychoactive substances:

- Total ban. In this case, the acts of production, trafficking and drug use are classified as a crime and prosecuted and punished with imprisonment. Laws can give even the same treatment to actions that somehow promote or facilitate such acts, from trade or possession of precursors needed to manufacture drugs, acts of advocating drug use or dissemination of culture manual or manufacture of illicit products.

- Total ban amended. Under this option, certain acts relating to drugs, while remaining illegal, they cease to be crime and are punished with administrative sanctions. Normally this alternative decriminalize the consumption, possession for personal use, and sometimes, small-scale farming.

- partial ban. In this case, consumption, possession and small-scale farming is no longer illegal, even if they continue to be large-scale manufacturing, commerce, advertising and public use. These actions can be considered as warranting criminal or administrative penalties.

- Licensing system. By authorizing certain persons or companies to use, produce and sell psychoactive substances under certain restrictions. This alternative would be the equivalent to the governing legal psychoactive substances considered medicines. Indeed, tranquilizers, antidepressants, barbiturates and amphetamines, can be manufactured, sold and used legally subject to compliance with more or less strict regulations. In this case, the authorization of staff must give it usually a doctor.

- Legalization. Ie complete or almost complete availability of the drug, with minimal restrictions, which tend to be related to the age of buyers, advertising and places can be sold or consumed the drug.

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"The error is something common to all men, but when he made a mistake, the wise repair the damage he has done and not maintained immutable. The persistence engenders all sorts of evils "

Sophocles, Antigone

would seem, to the objective data from all angles show us the tragic failure of prohibition, the question of whether this is the right way, at least should be extended. However, there are many aspects that seem to indicate that only extend the hysteria and unreason. Our companies are stubbornly insist on not turning back, in a rather enmendalla sostenella tragic and absurd. If the ban has not worked, more prohibition, if the repression has not served, more repression, if prisons are filled, more prisons.

create or not the use of psychoactive substances harmful to humans, that responsible use can bring us pleasure and knowledge or substances that are intrinsically evil, unable to be used with benefits for ordinary humans, seems clear that prohibition is a failed experiment as a control mechanism thereof. After seeing, we must agree that the prohibitionist system, apart from consuming massive amounts of resources that our societies need certainly to more realistic goals, to generate a huge collateral damage as victims of Drugs of enrichment, by way of grant paid by all the international mafias, to subvert the legitimate relations of states over their citizens, is, above all, unable to get what you are seeking as the main stated goal: to stop illegal use of psychoactive substances. What remains then? What alternatives to the current system have? Would the current prohibitionist system waiver to surrender to the inevitable or a clever change of direction which would remove much of the pain and injustice associated with drugs that exist today?

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The prohibition, we have seen, is strongly rooted in our societies and in the mind of modern man. On maintenance also affect, in addition to the above factors, historical inertia, the silence of those who, from the field of medicine and science know the unscientific basis of Prohibition and those who prefer to opt for ignorance despite his public role or training should make them more critical, the deformation of perception that is only known cases of drug conflict and ignore the majority non-problematic use, the moral alibi for many people it is known victims and patients without a will, redeeming it from the need from the consequences of their decisions legal restrictions that science should address the Studies on the effects of drugs and, in particular on the benefits of responsible use self-censorship of many scientists and intellectuals who, not being labeled as supporters of 'Drugs', or prefer not directly ascribed to the official positions on the subject, and much more.

This list of factors is just a tiny tip of the iceberg of resources that the ban is maintained. Each of them would certainly write an entire book. It was not the purpose of this chapter further analysis, but noted that in-depth understanding of the mechanisms to ensure its perpetuation can help us to understand also the man and women today: their fears, their concerns, their ambitions, their lies .... Understanding the hidden motives of Prohibition and the side benefits that many derive from it we can better understand how humanity.

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prohibition of changes caused by the ban

When public disapproval to a behavior or an ideology in a society endures a number of years, it is inevitable that the reasons for dissatisfaction be modified and adapted to social evolution. The cultural, ideological, political and economic changes that have occurred in our societies in this century, together with the specific changes that the ban has created the problem that sought resolving, do perceptions of drug problem we have today look like little ones that initiated this conflict. Nor are the reasons then seemed prevalent today are made with the same conviction, having displaced the moral justification to the other medical. It seems as if the cultural transmission of rejection was independent of the causes that originated it. The same process occurs, in fact, in the perpetuation of traditions and customs. Are repeated regularly without information about their origins is necessarily known. In the end, the custom itself is justified by tradition. It is doing something because it always has been, or is prevented behavior because it has always been prohibited. As quoted in the first chapter of the book, forgetting the origin used to accentuate the intensity of the defense of tradition or a ban. Forgetting the real causes, there is only a sort of personal motive, beyond reason, and that becomes a 'faith'. When this happens social phenomenon of inertia on the intricacies or point, usually not more important. But when the taboo is deeply involved in the daily happenings of the community, becomes a force capable of transforming. The prohibition of drugs has changed society in fundamental ways that we will analysis. In particular, political structures generated to maintain the ban are such that have gone on to become a problem for themselves. The changes generated by the system both in the minds and in institutions, thus become new grounds which offer new justifications for the maintenance of the current state of affairs.

One of the most important changes that the ban has created, is to have managed to 'Drugs' is perceived as a problem. Against what would seem logical, the ban was introduced at a time in which there were no major problems with drugs and extra-scientific grounds. However, health problems generated by the restrictions on the manufacture and use of drugs and the criminalization caused by police chase producers, sellers and users have gotten the 'drug problem' is introduced and the public permanently , making it difficult to understand the difference between the problems of the substance and its use of the much more numerous than our drug laws have caused. Many authors and perhaps the most insistent Szasz them, who defend the theory of 'self-fulfilling prophecy' in regard to the worsening drug problem. According to them, the political, medical and moral society, supported by the media as amplifiers of your message, can create "problems" from previous reality not perceived as such. The case before us is certainly a blatant example of this.

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One of the consequences, wanted or not, the prohibition is to generate a multitude of situations where, to assume the contradictions, it is necessary to what Orwell called doublethink. One such case is the question of drug information. From all sectors we are reminded that, regardless of the repressive apparatus, the question is basic information. To report, you have to be there to let young people, citizens, know the problem of drugs to combat them with the necessary weapons. But of course, this information should not be such. The prohibition based their stay just ignorant. Thus, the information must not be informative. Report on the substances, their effects, their risks, their dosages useful and dangerous dosages, interactions, etc, can not be part, paradoxically, of the information. Doing so would give young people, citizens with the wherewithal to use these substances responsibly. He seeks the ban is uninformed information. Be informed that the information is not required. Useful information provided is summarized in one sentence: 'just say no', 'drug kills',' Do you know someone who controls the drugs? we do not. " Memec and lies sold as information. In Szasz's words, "the goal of real education about drugs should not be to encourage abstinence, but good habits, that is, to use drugs in an intelligent, responsible and self-disciplined." I remember a televised debate on drugs which, for a moment, the agreement seemed to come when all participants unanimously agreed that it was most important campaigns informative. But while Escohotado and other anti-prohibitionists argued for drug information present, defenders of the status they were talking, of course, something else. For them, information is propaganda slogans. If you report that cannabis can be an invaluable tool fun to have negligible effects on health, people, young people, want to use. If that report is not known scientifically withdrawal in cocaine abusers, people, young, irresponsible and blindly fall in the irrational use of it. If you report that the concept of addiction is not applicable to hallucinogenic drugs or entheogenic, people, young people decide to go all day hallucinating rather than engage in tasks more productive and socially more deserving of applause. And so, ad nauseam.

has succeeded in creating an awareness that the best weapon against drugs is not knowledge but the lack of it, its remoteness. If you do not want to have problems, do not get into this, do not want to know certain things, leave them in the hands of professionals, trust those who know more than you, do not have to know how things are, the drug kills: If you offer just say no.

worth mentioning the important, critical of the media when create and maintain the perception of the 'drug problem'. And they do magnifying the problems, unifying the treatment when talking about drugs, as if all were equal and, ultimately, showing only the darker image of substance use. Already in the beginning of the Crusade the peridódicos built the image of marijuana as "killer of youth 'drug users or immigrants who perverted women and children, thus endorsing the crackdown. Today, with unanimous unknown in other areas of the humanities, the mass media remain, with little exceptions, firm ranks, alongside the official truth: drugs kill and the only solution unquestionable is to use the police to intervene. It is instructive to review the news offered by newspapers and, above all, by television, referring to drugs and, further, review the news that does not exist. Never said that those who use drugs can get them positive experiences. For the media, the experiences obtained with drugs are always a momentary illusion, an initial fleeting pleasure is immediately replaced by a dip in hell. Neither ever speaks of the thousands of people who use drugs without problems: according to official truth they do not exist because, as mentioned above, any use constitutes an abuse. I do not want to dwell on reflecting on how has reached the current monolithic media that address the drug issue, but if you try to offer a couple of reasons for reflection.

The problem occurs when you run across the 'politically correct'. This expression has become for many a euphemism to designate a censorship from the majority against the minority dissent. And if something has reached an almost unanimous definition of the 'politically correct' is the issue of drugs. 'The drug is not good', is an acceptable sentence. 'Drug use carries risks but can also be useful and beneficial' is, in every way, a damning statement from the 'politically correct'. Therefore, to advocate the legalization of drugs in a debate, one can not say that the use of marijuana encourages communication between persons or the use of LSD can enrich our understanding of the world and ourselves. And for this reason, a television news can not be attributed to the prohibition overdose deaths or tampering, or the fact that almost half of English prisoners have AIDS. If they did, they would consider taking sides rather than expose the truth so neutral. As if repeating slogans is not a way of taking sides. In the case of drugs, the 'politically correct' for media merely states that the drug is bad, to show the 'tragedy of Drugs', compliment any police action against traffickers, praise the strength of those who have managed to leave the' Hell of Drugs', broadcast football matches' Drugs' and give advertising space to let us know, with music, which can get high instead of go-to-listen-music-movies-out-with-friends-to-sport.

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Drug information Drugs, our scapegoat

Combating Drugs is also the recreation of an ancient custom in most societies, the sacrifice ritual. This social ceremony of throwing the bosom of society, by expulsion or death a scapegoat who has been assigned by logical reasoning or magic spells, all the evils that afflict it. As we saw in the second chapter, witches served to explain the problems and miseries of society, and burned at the stake was the solution to all the trouble. Also the existence of a 'Jewish conspiracy' served the German nation to explain their social and economic problems and its humiliation in the First World War. Thus, to symbolize the Jew, in capital letters, the embodiment of all evil afflicting Germany and therefore the world, their expulsion and extermination were not acts of vengeance but necessary self-defense reaction to prevent the destruction. Today on Drugs offers us a similar way, the explanation for our social ills: crime, lack of values, corruption, marginalization, generational conflicts, etc. None of these evils are new. Just change the chosen sacrificial object. Today, the scapegoat amazing unanimously accepted by the majority of the world is the drug and hence drug addicts. Thus, ignorant innocence, one of our most illustrious and journalists cave writes: "40 percent of the students have received offers from Madrid, invitations and even pressure to prove the so-called synthetic drugs do [...]¿ serves the daily struggles and family education, and daily efforts, if a second in one second, a criminal can break down the work achieved after years and years of love and dedication? [...] How Spain will go well if almost half of the future of Spain is on the verge of falling into final despair? ". That should bring peace of mind to have discovered the blame for all the evils that plague! The conclusion is obvious: not allowing the drug to penetrate our borders and locking users in prisons or hospitals, we will close our doors to hell. It is not therefore surprising that desire with the end of our intellectual his plea: "Let start penalties, closures, arrests and processes. And if possible, immediately." We burn the fires and prepare them to contemporary witches. How scary!